This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision | ||
|
java:control_flow [2015/02/09 05:09] gthanos [for statement] |
java:control_flow [2017/02/10 15:39] (current) gthanos |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| - | ====== Έλεγχος ροής προγράμματος ====== | + | ====== Ροή προγράμματος ====== |
| - | Αναφορικά με τον έλεγχο ροής προγράμματος μπορείτε (//for,while,do-while,if,switch// κλπ) να ανατρέξετε στο documentation της Oracle [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/flow.html | εδώ]]. | + | Συμπληρωματικά, για τον έλεγχο ροής προγράμματος (//for,while,do-while,if,switch// κλπ.) μπορείτε να ανατρέξετε στο documentation της Oracle [[ http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/flow.html | εδώ]]. |
| - | ===== if - else if - else statement ===== | + | * [[java:control_flow_statements | Εντολές ελέγχου ροής προγράμματος ]] |
| + | * [[java:loop_statements | Εντολές επανάληψης ]] | ||
| + | * [[java:break_loop_statements | Εντολές τερματισμού και ελέγχου επανάληψης ]] | ||
| - | Ανάλογά με την γλώσσα C. Δείτε το παρακάτω παράδειγμα. | ||
| - | <code java IfElseDemo.java> | ||
| - | class IfElseDemo { | ||
| - | public static void main(String[] args) { | ||
| - | int testscore = 76; | + | | Προηγούμενο: [[:java:operators | Τελεστές ]] | [[:toc | Περιεχόμενα ]] | Επόμενο: [[:java:control_flow_statements | Εντολές ελέγχου ροής προγράμματος ]] | |
| - | char grade; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | if (testscore >= 90) { | + | |
| - | grade = 'A'; | + | |
| - | } else if (testscore >= 80) { | + | |
| - | grade = 'B'; | + | |
| - | } else if (testscore >= 70) { | + | |
| - | grade = 'C'; | + | |
| - | } else if (testscore >= 60) { | + | |
| - | grade = 'D'; | + | |
| - | } else { | + | |
| - | grade = 'F'; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Grade = " + grade); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===== Switch statement ===== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Σε αναλογία με την γλώσσα C, η Java υποστηρίζει την εντολή switch. Η ιδιαιτερότητα της switch στην Java είναι ότι υποστηρίζει ακεραίους, enumerated types ή αλφαριθμητικά. Δείτε τα παρακάτω παραδείγματα με χρήση ακεραίων και αλφαριμθητικών. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java SwitchDemo.java> | + | |
| - | public class SwitchDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args) { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int month = 8; | + | |
| - | String monthString; | + | |
| - | switch (month) { | + | |
| - | case 1: monthString = "January"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 2: monthString = "February"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 3: monthString = "March"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 4: monthString = "April"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 5: monthString = "May"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 6: monthString = "June"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 7: monthString = "July"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 8: monthString = "August"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 9: monthString = "September"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 10: monthString = "October"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 11: monthString = "November"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case 12: monthString = "December"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | default: monthString = "Invalid month"; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | System.out.println(monthString); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java StringSwitchDemo.java> | + | |
| - | public class StringSwitchDemo { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | public static int getMonthNumber(String month) { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int monthNumber = 0; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | if (month == null) { | + | |
| - | return monthNumber; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | switch (month.toLowerCase()) { | + | |
| - | case "january": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 1; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "february": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 2; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "march": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 3; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "april": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 4; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "may": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 5; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "june": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 6; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "july": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 7; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "august": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 8; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "september": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 9; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "october": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 10; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "november": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 11; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | case "december": | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 12; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | default: | + | |
| - | monthNumber = 0; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | return monthNumber; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | public static void main(String[] args) { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | String month = "August"; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int returnedMonthNumber = | + | |
| - | StringSwitchDemo.getMonthNumber(month); | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | if (returnedMonthNumber == 0) { | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Invalid month"); | + | |
| - | } else { | + | |
| - | System.out.println(returnedMonthNumber); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===== While και do-while statements ===== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java WhileDemo.java> | + | |
| - | class WhileDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args){ | + | |
| - | int count = 1; | + | |
| - | while (count < 11) { | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Count is: " + count); | + | |
| - | count++; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java DoWhileDemo.java> | + | |
| - | class DoWhileDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args){ | + | |
| - | int count = 1; | + | |
| - | do { | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Count is: " + count); | + | |
| - | count++; | + | |
| - | } while (count < 11); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | ||
| - | ===== for statement ===== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Η εντολή ''for'' συντάσσεται όπως και στην γλώσσα προγραμματισμού C. Ενδιαφέρον έχει μία διαφοροποιημένη έκδοση της ''for'' που υποστηρίζει η java και παρουσιάζουμε εδώ με σκοπό την ανακύκλωση σε όλα τα μέλη ενός πίνακα ή ενός [[http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/collections/index.html |Collection]] (όπως θα δούμε αργότερα). Δείτε το παρακάτω παράδειγμα. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java EnhancedForDemo.java> | + | |
| - | class EnhancedForDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args){ | + | |
| - | int[] numbers = | + | |
| - | {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}; | + | |
| - | for (int item : numbers) { | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Count is: " + item); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===== Branching Statements ===== | + | |
| - | ==== break ==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Η εντoλή ''break'' έχει δύο μορφές την //labeled// και την //unlabeled// μορφή. Η unlabeled μορφή είναι η μορφή που γνωρίζετε από την γλώσσα C. Ένα παράδειγμα δίνουμε παρακάτω. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java BreakDemo.java> | + | |
| - | class BreakDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args) { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int[] arrayOfInts = | + | |
| - | { 32, 87, 3, 589, | + | |
| - | 12, 1076, 2000, | + | |
| - | 8, 622, 127 }; | + | |
| - | int searchfor = 12; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int i; | + | |
| - | boolean foundIt = false; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | for (i = 0; i < arrayOfInts.length; i++) { | + | |
| - | if (arrayOfInts[i] == searchfor) { | + | |
| - | foundIt = true; | + | |
| - | break; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | if (foundIt) { | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Found " + searchfor + " at index " + i); | + | |
| - | } else { | + | |
| - | System.out.println(searchfor + " not in the array"); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Η //labeled// μορφή της εντολής ''break'' έχει νόημα όταν έχουμε περισσότερες από μία εμφωλευμένες εντολές ανακύκλωσης ''while'', ''do-while'', ''for'' και θέλουμε να τερματίζουμε την εξωτερική ανακύκλωση. Ένα παράδειγμα χρήσης της εντολής //labeled// ''break'' μπορείτε να δείτε παρακάτω. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java BreakWithLabelDemo.java> | + | |
| - | class BreakWithLabelDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args) { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int[][] arrayOfInts = { | + | |
| - | { 32, 87, 3, 589 }, | + | |
| - | { 12, 1076, 2000, 8 }, | + | |
| - | { 622, 127, 77, 955 } | + | |
| - | }; | + | |
| - | int searchfor = 12; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int i; | + | |
| - | int j = 0; | + | |
| - | boolean foundIt = false; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | search: | + | |
| - | for (i = 0; i < arrayOfInts.length; i++) { | + | |
| - | for (j = 0; j < arrayOfInts[i].length; | + | |
| - | j++) { | + | |
| - | if (arrayOfInts[i][j] == searchfor) { | + | |
| - | foundIt = true; | + | |
| - | break search; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | if (foundIt) { | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Found " + searchfor + " at " + i + ", " + j); | + | |
| - | } else { | + | |
| - | System.out.println(searchfor + " not in the array"); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Η ροή του προγράμματος συνεχίζεται μετά τις δύο εντολές ανακύκλωσης ''for''. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== continue ==== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Σε αναλογία με την εντολή ''for'' και η εντολή ''continue'' διαθέτει //labeled// και //unlabeled// μορφή. Δείτε τα παρακάτω παραδείγματα | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java ContinueDemo.java> | + | |
| - | class ContinueDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args) { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | String searchMe = "peter piper picked a " + "peck of pickled peppers"; | + | |
| - | int max = searchMe.length(); | + | |
| - | int numPs = 0; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) { | + | |
| - | // interested only in p's | + | |
| - | if (searchMe.charAt(i) != 'p') | + | |
| - | continue; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | // process p's | + | |
| - | numPs++; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | System.out.println("Found " + numPs + " p's in the string."); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <code java ContinueWithLabelDemo.java> | + | |
| - | class ContinueWithLabelDemo { | + | |
| - | public static void main(String[] args) { | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | String searchMe = "Look for a substring in me"; | + | |
| - | String substring = "sub"; | + | |
| - | boolean foundIt = false; | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | int max = searchMe.length() - | + | |
| - | substring.length(); | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | test: | + | |
| - | for (int i = 0; i <= max; i++) { | + | |
| - | int n = substring.length(); | + | |
| - | int j = i; | + | |
| - | int k = 0; | + | |
| - | while (n-- != 0) { | + | |
| - | if (searchMe.charAt(j++) != substring.charAt(k++)) { | + | |
| - | continue test; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | foundIt = true; | + | |
| - | break test; | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | System.out.println(foundIt ? "Found it" : "Didn't find it"); | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | } | + | |
| - | </code> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | |[[:java:operators | Τελεστές ]] | [[:java: | ]] | | + | |