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cpp:strings [2017/05/02 14:44] gthanos [Aκολουθία χαρακτήρων που περιέχει το χαρακτήρα '\0' στο τέλος] |
cpp:strings [2019/05/20 08:13] gthanos [Η κλάση String] |
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| - | Στη C++ είναι διαθέσιμες οι συναρτήσεις διαχείρισης συμβολοσειρών που προέρχονται από τη C, όπως παρακάτω: | + | Στη C++ είναι διαθέσιμες οι συναρτήσεις διαχείρισης συμβολοσειρών που προέρχονται από τη C, όπως |
| | <code cpp>char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);</ | | <code cpp>char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);</ | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
| ===== Η κλάση String ===== | ===== Η κλάση String ===== | ||
| + | Η // | ||
| + | Δείτε το παρακάτω παράδειγμα χρήσης της κλάσης //string//: | ||
| + | <code cpp string.cpp> | ||
| + | int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { | ||
| + | string str = "Hello World!"; | ||
| + | cout << str << endl; | ||
| + | str.append(" | ||
| + | cout << str << endl; | ||
| + | | ||
| + | str = "Hello Wordl!"; | ||
| + | str += " How are you?"; | ||
| + | cout << str << endl; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Οι βασικές μέθοδοι της κλάσης string είναι οι εξής: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Κατασκευαστές ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Παράδειγμα χρήσης κατασκευαστών | ||
| + | <code cpp strings_constructor.cpp> | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | using namespace std; | ||
| + | |||
| + | int main() { | ||
| + | string str = "Hello World!"; | ||
| + | string copy(str); | ||
| + | string substring(str, | ||
| + | const char *p = str.c_str(); | ||
| + | string fromCString(p); | ||
| + | string fromCSequence(p, | ||
| + | string fillwithDollars(5, | ||
| + | | ||
| + | cout << str << endl; | ||
| + | cout << copy << endl; | ||
| + | cout << substring << endl; | ||
| + | cout << p << endl; | ||
| + | cout << fromCString << endl; | ||
| + | cout << fromCSequence << endl; | ||
| + | cout << fillwithDollars << endl; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Μέθοδοι ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Χωρητικότητα και μέγεθος αλφαριθμητικού ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp>void resize (size_t n); και | ||
| + | void resize (size_t n, char c);</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp>void reserve (size_t n = 0);</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp>void clear();</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp>bool empty() const;</ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Πρόσβαση σε χαρακτήρες του αλφαριθμητικού ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const char& operator[] (size_t pos) const;</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const char& at (size_t pos) const;</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const char& back() const;</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const char& front() const;</ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Στις όλες παραπάνω περιπτώσεις εάν το //string// είναι //const// επιστρατεύεται η //const// έκδοση της συνάρτησης. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Διάτρεξη ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const_iterator begin() const;</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const_iterator end() const;</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | const_reverse_iterator rend() const;</ | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Παράδειγμα χρήσης iterator === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code cpp> | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | using namespace std; | ||
| + | |||
| + | int main (){ | ||
| + | string str = "Hello World!"; | ||
| + | for( string:: | ||
| + | cout << *it; | ||
| + | cout << endl; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Παράδειγμα χρήσης reverse_iterator === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code cpp> | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | using namespace std; | ||
| + | |||
| + | int main (){ | ||
| + | string str = "Hello World!"; | ||
| + | for (string:: | ||
| + | cout << *rit; | ||
| + | cout << endl; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Μεταβολή του αλφαριθμητικού ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | string& operator+= (const char* s); | ||
| + | string& operator+= (char c);</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | string& append (const char* str);</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | string& assign (const char* str)</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | string& insert (size_t pos, const char* str);</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | iterator erase (iterator p); | ||
| + | iterator erase (iterator first, iterator last);</ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | string& replace (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s); | ||
| + | string& replace (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str, | ||
| + | | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | | <code cpp>void swap (string& | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code cpp append.cpp> | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | using namespace std; | ||
| + | |||
| + | int main () { | ||
| + | string str=" | ||
| + | string str2=" "; | ||
| + | char[] str3=" | ||
| + | string str4 = " | ||
| + | |||
| + | str+=str2; | ||
| + | str.append(str3); | ||
| + | str.append(str4); | ||
| + | cout << str; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code cpp replace.cpp> | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | using namespace std; | ||
| + | |||
| + | int main () { | ||
| + | string base=" | ||
| + | string str2=" | ||
| + | string str3=" | ||
| + | string str4=" | ||
| + | |||
| + | string str=base; | ||
| + | str.replace(9, | ||
| + | str.replace(19, | ||
| + | str.replace(8, | ||
| + | cout << str << endl; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code cpp chicken.cpp> | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | using namespace std; | ||
| + | |||
| + | main (){ | ||
| + | string chicken (" | ||
| + | string egg (" | ||
| + | cout << " | ||
| + | cout << " and egg comes from " << egg << endl; | ||
| + | |||
| + | chicken.swap (egg); | ||
| + | cout << "After the swap, chicken comes from " << chicken; | ||
| + | cout << " and egg comes from " << egg << endl; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Σύγκριση, | ||
| + | |||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | size_t find (const char* str, size_t pos = 0) const; | ||
| + | size_t find (const char* str, size_t pos, size_t n) const; | ||
| + | size_t find (char c, size_t pos = 0) const; | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | size_t rfind (const char* str, size_t pos = npos) const; | ||
| + | size_t rfind (const char* str, size_t pos, size_t n) const; | ||
| + | size_t rfind (char c, size_t pos = npos) const; | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | | <code cpp> | ||
| + | | <code cpp>int compare (const string& str) const; | ||
| + | int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str) const; | ||
| + | int compare (const char* str) const; | ||
| + | int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* str) const;</ | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code cpp cstring.cpp> | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | #include < | ||
| + | using namespace std; | ||
| + | |||
| + | int main () { | ||
| + | string str (" | ||
| + | char * cstr = new char [str.length()+1]; | ||
| + | strcpy (cstr, str.c_str()); | ||
| + | |||
| + | char * p = strtok (cstr," | ||
| + | while (p!=0) { | ||
| + | cout << p << ' | ||
| + | p = strtok(NULL," | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | delete[] cstr; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | </ | ||