#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  string str = "Hello World!";
  string copy(str); 
  string substring(str, 0, 5);
  const char *p = str.c_str();
  string fromCString(p);
  string fromCSequence(p, 8);
  string fillwithDollars(5, '$');
  
  cout << str << endl;
  cout << copy << endl;
  cout << substring << endl;
  cout << p << endl;
  cout << fromCString << endl;
  cout << fromCSequence << endl;
  cout << fillwithDollars << endl;  
}