cpp:strings
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cpp:strings [2017/05/02 15:36] – [Η κλάση String] gthanos | cpp:strings [2017/05/08 07:06] – [Σύγκριση, αναζήτηση, εξαγωγή υπο-αλφαριθμητικών] gthanos | ||
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Η // | Η // | ||
- | |||
- | Οι βασικές μέθοδοι της κλάσης string είναι οι εξής: | ||
Δείτε το παρακάτω παράδειγμα χρήσης της κλάσης //string//: | Δείτε το παρακάτω παράδειγμα χρήσης της κλάσης //string//: | ||
Line 48: | Line 46: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ==== Κατασκευαστές ==== | + | Οι βασικές μέθοδοι της κλάσης string |
- | | default constructor | + | ===== Κατασκευαστές ===== |
- | | copy constructor | + | |
- | | substring | + | | <code cpp>string();</ |
- | | from c-string | + | | <code cpp>string (const string& str);</ |
- | | from c-string | + | | <code cpp>string (const string& str, size_t pos, size_t len = npos);</ |
- | | fill with c | string (size_t n, char c); | | + | | <code cpp>string (const char* s);</ |
+ | | <code cpp>string (const char* s, size_t n);</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp>string (size_t n, char c);</ | ||
Παράδειγμα χρήσης κατασκευαστών | Παράδειγμα χρήσης κατασκευαστών | ||
Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
</ | </ | ||
+ | ===== Μέθοδοι ===== | ||
+ | ==== Χωρητικότητα και μέγεθος αλφαριθμητικού ==== | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | | <code cpp>void resize (size_t n); και | ||
+ | void resize (size_t n, char c);</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp>void reserve (size_t n = 0);</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp>void clear();</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp>bool empty() const;</ | ||
+ | ==== Πρόσβαση σε χαρακτήρες του αλφαριθμητικού ==== | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const char& operator[] (size_t pos) const;</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const char& at (size_t pos) const;</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const char& back() const;</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const char& front() const;</ | ||
+ | Στις όλες παραπάνω περιπτώσεις εάν το //string// είναι //const// επιστρατεύεται η //const// έκδοση της συνάρτησης. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Διάτρεξη ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const_iterator begin() const;</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const_iterator end() const;</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | const_reverse_iterator rend() const;</ | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Παράδειγμα χρήσης iterator === | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code cpp> | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | using namespace std; | ||
+ | |||
+ | int main (){ | ||
+ | string str = "Hello World!"; | ||
+ | for( string:: | ||
+ | cout << *it; | ||
+ | cout << endl; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Παράδειγμα χρήσης reverse_iterator === | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code cpp> | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | using namespace std; | ||
+ | |||
+ | int main (){ | ||
+ | string str = "Hello World!"; | ||
+ | for (string:: | ||
+ | cout << *rit; | ||
+ | cout << endl; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Μεταβολή του αλφαριθμητικού ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | string& operator+= (const char* s); | ||
+ | string& operator+= (char c);</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | string& append (const char* str);</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | string& assign (const char* str)</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | string& insert (size_t pos, const char* str);</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | iterator erase (iterator p); | ||
+ | iterator erase (iterator first, iterator last);</ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | string& replace (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* s); | ||
+ | string& replace (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str, | ||
+ | | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | | <code cpp>void swap (string& | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code cpp append.cpp> | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | using namespace std; | ||
+ | |||
+ | int main () { | ||
+ | string str=" | ||
+ | string str2=" "; | ||
+ | char[] str3=" | ||
+ | string str4 = " | ||
+ | |||
+ | str+=str2; | ||
+ | str.append(str3); | ||
+ | str.append(str4); | ||
+ | cout << str; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code cpp replace.cpp> | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | using namespace std; | ||
+ | |||
+ | int main () { | ||
+ | string base=" | ||
+ | string str2=" | ||
+ | string str3=" | ||
+ | string str4=" | ||
+ | |||
+ | string str=base; | ||
+ | str.replace(9, | ||
+ | str.replace(19, | ||
+ | str.replace(8, | ||
+ | cout << str << endl; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code cpp chicken.cpp> | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | using namespace std; | ||
+ | |||
+ | main (){ | ||
+ | string chicken (" | ||
+ | string egg (" | ||
+ | cout << " | ||
+ | cout << " and egg comes from " << egg << endl; | ||
+ | |||
+ | chicken.swap (egg); | ||
+ | cout << "After the swap, chicken comes from " << chicken; | ||
+ | cout << " and egg comes from " << egg << endl; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Σύγκριση, | ||
+ | |||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | size_t find (const char* str, size_t pos = 0) const; | ||
+ | size_t find (const char* str, size_t pos, size_t n) const; | ||
+ | size_t find (char c, size_t pos = 0) const; | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | size_t rfind (const char* str, size_t pos = npos) const; | ||
+ | size_t rfind (const char* str, size_t pos, size_t n) const; | ||
+ | size_t rfind (char c, size_t pos = npos) const; | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | | <code cpp> | ||
+ | | <code cpp>int compare (const string& str) const; | ||
+ | int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const string& str) const; | ||
+ | int compare (const char* str) const; | ||
+ | int compare (size_t pos, size_t len, const char* str) const;</ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <code cpp cstring.cpp> | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | #include < | ||
+ | using namespace std; | ||
+ | |||
+ | int main () { | ||
+ | string str (" | ||
+ | char * cstr = new char [str.length()+1]; | ||
+ | strcpy (cstr, str.c_str()); | ||
+ | |||
+ | char * p = strtok (cstr," | ||
+ | while (p!=0) { | ||
+ | cout << p << ' | ||
+ | p = strtok(NULL," | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | delete[] cstr; | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ |
cpp/strings.txt · Last modified: 2021/04/27 04:45 (external edit)